Nepenthes grow in a wide range of environments and conditions, nearly as many as there are species. It is very difficult to summarize these growing conditions in a few words to suit all species and /or hybrids, although the hybrids are usually more vigorous and adaptable to a wide range of conditions. What follow are basic guidelines to give the hobbyist or the serious collector some helpful information based on our years of cultivation in and out of greenhouses.

我們可以改善環(huán)境來適宜豬籠草是需要。將你的種植環(huán)境中不適宜豬籠草生長的環(huán)境加以改善。豬籠草生長所需要的基本要求是：光照、水分、濕度、溫度、營養(yǎng)素和生長介質(zhì)。這綜合的大部分的豬籠草生長所合適的環(huán)境，但這通常與在自然棲息地的環(huán)境是有差別的。
Improvements can be made to these to suit the specific needs of specific species. Your growing environment will also influence any further beneficial modifications. Most of these will be trial and error. The basic requirements for plant growth are Light, Moisture, Humidity, Temperature, Nutrients and a suitable growing medium; this is the case for all plants including carnivorous plants such as Nepenthes. It is the ratios of these together to suit the specific plant needs that give optimal growth, bearing in mind that the cultivation needs of plants are usually different from their requirements in their natural habitat.

豬籠草的籠子是一種變態(tài)葉，因此它像其他植物的葉子一樣也會(huì)衰老枯死。一般來說，適宜條件下每個(gè)籠子可以存活若干個(gè)月。當(dāng)它已經(jīng)枯萎時(shí)，可以將它剪去，使得整株看起來更漂亮，但這純粹是為了好看，而與植株的健康無關(guān)。
The pitcher of the plant is just an adaptation of the leaf and as such will naturally die off as the plant grows, as do the leaves of any plant. As a guide, each pitcher usually lasts a couple of months. They can be trimmed from the end of each leaf when they have died off to keep the plant looking a€?tidya€? but this is purely aesthetic and not necessary for the plants health. Each new leaf produced should develop a pitcher if the growing conditions are suitable.

光照
LIGHT

根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，光照是養(yǎng)出巨大且鮮艷的捕蟲籠最重要的因素之一。提供足夠的空氣濕度、中等的土壤濕度和充足的光照，可以讓葉片呈現(xiàn)猶如紅葡萄酒般的紅色。植株可以被馴化接受一些陽光直射，早晨的陽光是最好的。相反全日照會(huì)使得植株的顏色變得暗淡并且阻礙植株的生長。這樣的損害非常的迅速，首先只是老籠子被灼傷或脫水，最后整株植物都受到傷害。當(dāng)植株結(jié)出新籠子，說明植株已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了新環(huán)境。一般來說，有更充足的光照，植株就會(huì)結(jié)出更大更鮮艷的籠子。必需一直保持著較高的空氣濕度，特別是在大風(fēng)和干燥炎熱的天氣下。明亮的散光更適合豬籠草。如有使用遮陽網(wǎng)，遮光率在50~80%的較適宜。如果是種植在塑料大棚中，最好使用透明的聚乙烯棚膜。除此以外，日照時(shí)間的長短也影響植株吸收光能的多少。大部分的豬籠草可以忍受缺光的環(huán)境，但它的生長速度因此受到限制，同時(shí)也需要減少澆水的量。雖然豬籠草不像其他食蟲植物那樣有休眠期，但缺光可讓它們生長緩慢。當(dāng)你的豬籠草得到了足夠的光照時(shí)，它會(huì)在籠子的大小和顏色上有所反映。如果你的豬籠草受到光照不足的困擾時(shí)，有條件的話，你可以給它提供幾個(gè)小時(shí)的人工補(bǔ)光，這是有好處的。
In our experience this factor is one of the most important in producing optimal pitcher size and coloration. Providing there is enough relative humidity (RH) and moisture in the potting medium there can be enough light to give a tinge of red/burgundy to the leaves. Plants can be acclimatized to partial sun, morning sun being preferable, full sun all day however, will wash out the colour and stunt the plant. This they do quite quickly, with any damage usually limited to older pitchers burning or dehydrating but the plant remaining healthy. The next new pitcher has usually adapted and the plant will settle in. As a general rule, the brighter the light, the larger and more colourful the pitchers. Moisture must be maintained at all times, especially in drying winds and on hot days. As a guide, a bright position with high indirect light is acceptable. If plants are grown under shade cloth, a level from 50% up to about 80% produces good results. If under polyfilm, the white colours are preferred. On saying the above though, the length of the daylight hours also has a bearing on the amount of light your plant receives. In most areas the plants tolerate the loss of light hours but growth is a bit slower and watering may need reducing. Although Nepenthes do not have a dormancy period like a lot of other carnivorous plants, the lack of light does slow them down. A good indication that your plant is receiving the right amount of light is, as mentioned above, pitcher size and coloration. Another alternative if your plants are suffering from the reduced day length is to provide a couple of hours of artificial light, that is, if your situation enables you to do so.

水分

MOISTURE
在種植豬籠草時(shí)，水分必須時(shí)時(shí)刻刻保持充足。不像其他食蟲植物只需要在生長季節(jié)保持土壤濕潤，豬籠草需要保持土壤的潮濕。潮濕是形容豬籠草需要的最好形容詞。水質(zhì)的要求是另一個(gè)使得豬籠草健康生長的因素。雖然全部的食蟲植物生長都需要含礦物質(zhì)較少的軟水，但豬籠草對于水質(zhì)的要求要寬松一些。但不表示它們不需要優(yōu)質(zhì)水，如雨水，但是我們也會(huì)看到它們使用使得植株附有白色水漬的水種植時(shí)，它們依舊長得很好。

It is important that moisture levels are maintained at all times when growing Nepenthes. Unlike a lot of the other carnivorous plant species, which like to be kept quite moist to wet during their growing season, Nepenthes like to be kept moist. Damp is probably the best term to describe their needs. Water quality is another issue in growing carnivorous plants (CP) where Nepenthes differ. Although all CP appreciate good quality water, that is low in dissolved salts and minerals, Nepenthes are quite forgiving in this case. It is not that they don't appreciate good quality water or if available, rainwater, but we have witnessed them growing well with white mineral deposits on their leaves!

空氣濕度

HUMIDITY
在種植豬籠草時(shí)，需要提高環(huán)境的空氣濕度，應(yīng)保持在70~80%或更高。經(jīng)過我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)，高濕度對溫室環(huán)境的壞處大于好處。若溫室處于這樣的高濕度，則很多有害的細(xì)菌和疾病會(huì)快速傳播。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)生長健康植株生活在一個(gè)濕度全天波動(dòng)的中等潮濕環(huán)境中。白天濕度處于50~70%間，夜晚達(dá)到飽和即濕度100%。而在原生地的濕度都要低于這個(gè)水平。似乎因?yàn)槭桥柙缘年P(guān)系而需要更高的濕度。
When cultivating Nepenthes it is most often advised to grow them in very high humidity, in the vicinity of 70-80% or higher. In our experience this high humidity can cause more harm than good in the greenhouse environment. Unfortunately a lot of disease and harmful bacteria also thrive in these greenhouse microclimates. We find that the humidity around the plants is usually maintained to an acceptable level by their moist potting medium with the plants growing well with the fluctuating humidity levels that normally occur during the day. These levels usually range from 50-70% during the day and up to saturation, 100%, at night. While plants growing in an outside environment will experience lower levels than this, as long as the potting media is kept moist there seems to be little detriment.

溫度

TEMPERATURE

在我們看來，這是另一項(xiàng)需要嚴(yán)格控制的因素。除了高地純種或雜交種豬籠草處于高溫環(huán)境下，或是低地豬籠草處于低溫環(huán)境下，豬籠草對于溫度的適應(yīng)力是很強(qiáng)的。在豬籠草的原生地時(shí)時(shí)刻刻都存在溫度的波動(dòng)。人們只要在高地豬籠草的原生地呆上幾個(gè)小時(shí)，就可以體會(huì)到，這里溫度、濕度、光照和土壤水分含量的劇烈波動(dòng)。這一刻是陽光明媚，下一刻就可能是烏云密布，空氣濕度達(dá)到100%，接下來就是大雨傾盆，然后又有幾分鐘強(qiáng)烈的陽光直射。由于處于高海拔地區(qū)，強(qiáng)烈的直射紫外線或由水滴反射來的紫外線會(huì)灼傷豬籠草。而另一個(gè)極端的是，我曾看過一些照片，上面顯示的是一棵生長在純沙上的萊佛士豬籠草，而正午的時(shí)候這樣的沙地會(huì)變得非常的燙腳。這就可以解釋為什么豬籠草對于溫度有著很強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)力。

In our opinion, this is another factor that has had limits that are too strict set on it. While there are limits that specific plants will not tolerate, such as high temperatures in the case of the strict highland species/hybrids and very low temperatures with regards to the lowland varieties, again these plants are quite tolerant of temperature fluctuations. In the plants natural habitat the temperature fluctuates daily, even moment-by-moment. One has only to spend a few hours in a highland Nepenthes habitat to experience these quite dramatic temperature, humidity, light, and moisture fluctuations. One moment it could be bright and sunny, next it is cloudy with low light and 100% humidity and next it is pouring with rain, only to bathed in bright sunshine a couple of minutes later. The high ultra-violet radiation due to the high altitude and reflections from the water droplets on all the wet surfaces is the next factor to assault these plants. On the other end of the scale I have been told (pers. com.) and have seen photos of N.rafflesiana growing in pure sand which was that hot in the middle of the day it would have burnt the soles of your feet if you were to walk on it. So as can be expected Nepenthes are quite tolerant and hardy.

很多純種或雜交種在我們的苗圃中都經(jīng)受過5~35℃的溫度，有時(shí)會(huì)低至1.5℃，但對植株沒有任何不良影響。只要給低地品種提供高濕度，它們都可以忍受較高的溫度。
The many cultivars and/or hybrids we produce here in our nursery will tolerate temperatures from 5oC - 35oC(40oF-95oF) and many have experienced extremes down to 1.5oC(35oF) without any ill effect. Higher temperatures can also be tolerated with these cultivars and the lowland species provided a high humidity is maintained.

我們建議，如果你是在收集品種或是種植某些珍貴的雜交種，給它們提供一些個(gè)性化的環(huán)境也是很好的。除了少數(shù)品種，平均溫度在15~35℃，并有適當(dāng)?shù)目諝饬鲃?dòng)，豬籠草會(huì)生長得非常好。溫度的晝夜變換也是對它們有利的。
We would suggest, though, if you are looking at collecting the species and rare hybrids, some research into their specific needs would be beneficial. Except for a few species, an average temperature range of 15oC - 35oC(60oF-95oF) with some air movement, will grow most Nepenthes species successfully. The temperature change from day to night being beneficial.

基質(zhì)

GROWING MEDIA
大多數(shù)種植者都有它們自己喜歡的基質(zhì)，而且這些基質(zhì)適用于不同的環(huán)境中。最基本的一點(diǎn)是，基質(zhì)比較足夠疏松且排水良好，但又能充分的保水為植物提供充足的水分。一些為大花惠蘭和石斛配制的混有樹皮的基質(zhì)也可以用于植株豬籠草，因?yàn)檫@些基質(zhì)不含肥料。我們現(xiàn)在使用以椰殼作為基礎(chǔ)，混合木屑、珍珠巖和水苔的混合基質(zhì)，這樣的基質(zhì)用于種植豬籠草是非常適合的。如果比較推薦一個(gè)，毫無疑問是水苔。水苔不僅是適合于豬籠草生長的基質(zhì)，也使得溫室擁有一個(gè)良好的環(huán)境。在高地豬籠草的原生地中，大多數(shù)情況下它們都是生長在水苔上的。當(dāng)我們溫室中的水苔開始生長時(shí)，說明溫室中的環(huán)境也是適宜豬籠草生長的。而無論是低地品種還是高地品種都能在泥炭水苔的混合介質(zhì)中生長良好。唯一的問題是泥炭水苔的混合介質(zhì)會(huì)吸附水的礦物質(zhì)。

Most growers have their preferred growing medium and one will work in one environment and one in another. The basic factor to keep in mind when selecting a potting medium is that it must be both open enough to allow good drainage but also be able to hold sufficient moisture for the plant in its environment. Some of the commercial bark blended potting mixes available for Cymbidium and Dendrobium Orchids are suitable for Nepenthes as long as they do not contain fertilizer. We use both our commercial coir(coconut) based medium (choir chip and perlite) and pure Long Stranded Sphagnum moss with good success. If we had to recommend one, we would always choose the sphagnum moss. This gives us not only good success in growing the plants but it is also a good indicator of the plant's environment. In a lot of cases the highland species of Nepenthes grow naturally in live sphagnum moss so when the moss starts growing in our cultivation houses this is a good sign that the conditions are correct. Both the lowland and highland species grow well in Sphagnum moss. The only problem I have heard with regards to growing in Sphagnum is the tendency for it to slime up and break down quickly in areas where the water contains some minerals.

營養(yǎng)素

NUTRIENTS

關(guān)于營養(yǎng)素我們需要銘記的是，豬籠草是一種食蟲植物，它們已經(jīng)有通過捕捉昆蟲或小型動(dòng)物來獲得營養(yǎng)素的能力。這些食蟲植物都是非常高效的捕蟲者。你可以在莖、葉或是捕蟲籠上看到一些凹陷的點(diǎn)，這是它們的蜜腺。這些是它們吸引獵物的結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分。而定期的給它們提供一些昆蟲是否會(huì)讓它們更健康、捕蟲籠變更大或是更具有耐寒性，還沒有充足的證據(jù)加以說明。
The basic thing to remember with the nutrient requirements of Nepenthes is that they are carnivorous plants and best results are obtained giving them the insects or small animals they have evolved to digest for their needs. The plants are very efficient lures and traps. You can even see  small indented specks, that are sometimes brown to black, on the leaves, stems and pitchers which are nectar secreting glands. These are part of their lure for the prey. We have seen plants solely supplied insects on a regular basis and their quality, size and hardiness is evidence enough.

我們希望上述的注意事項(xiàng)能夠?qū)χ仓赀@些奇妙的植物有幫助，最起碼也能為你指出正確的方向。最重要的是，如果你的植物并沒有長得很好請不要害怕，參考上面的方法它們一定會(huì)很快就向好的方向發(fā)展的
We hope that the above tips help in the cultivation of these marvellous plants or at least have pointed you in the right direction. Above all though, if your plants don't seem to be growing well don't be frightened to experiment with the above factors as the plants usually respond quickly to the right conditions.

注釋：此文章轉(zhuǎn)自好友 “貓很忙”的QQ空間。