在英語書面表達(dá)中,不同的思想內(nèi)容要用不同的句式來表達(dá);而同一思想內(nèi)容也可以用不同的句式來表達(dá)。句式不同,表達(dá)效果也就不同。只有使用多種句式,文章才會(huì)生動(dòng)有趣。如果過多地用簡單句,就會(huì)使人感到單調(diào)乏味。恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂媚承┓椒ɑ蚴侄?,有助于表達(dá)形式的多樣化,可以增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果。下面介紹幾種常用的方法。
一 . 句子開頭多樣化。 許多同學(xué)習(xí)慣用表示人的名詞或代詞作為句子的主語開頭,如 people,we,I,he,they,she 等。但這些詞作為句子開頭,用得多了,難免顯得單調(diào)。為了使文章更加生動(dòng)活潑,除了用主語開頭外,還可以用句子的其他成分開頭。
1. 用狀語開頭。從詞性上看,作狀語的可以是副詞(短語),介詞短語,分詞短語或動(dòng)詞不定式短語。 A. 用副詞(短語)開頭: Too often,he stays up reading until midnight. B. 用介詞短語開頭: To me the news was very interesting,but to my wife very boring. C. 用分詞短語開頭: Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades,Manchester took flight for the Pacific islands. D. 用不定式短語開頭: To pass the exam,you should work very hard. 2. 用同位語開頭: Air,water and food,everything is necessary for life. 3. 用表語開頭: Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language is intense interest plus persistent effort. 4. 用賓語開頭: My advice you would not listen to;my help you laughed at. Now you will have what you asked for. 二 . 巧用連接詞。 有的學(xué)生在寫作中過多地使用 so,and,then,but,or,however,yet 等并列連詞,這樣做,可能會(huì)使句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散、呆板。為了避免這種現(xiàn)象,我們應(yīng)該靈活地運(yùn)用從屬連接詞,如 who,which,that,because,since,although,after,as,before,when,whenever,if,unless,as if 等。這樣做不僅可以使句式多樣化,而且還能夠把思想表達(dá)得更加清楚,句子的意思更加連貫。例如:
Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact. 這段文字由簡單句組成,它們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清,意義支離破碎。如果使用連接詞,將前后單句合并,形成主次關(guān)系,就能把一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容和關(guān)系表達(dá)得比較清楚,而且使結(jié)構(gòu)也更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。如上句段文字可以改寫成: It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future,though it is unlikely to be true. 再如: The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world,and in springtime it often overflows its banks,and the lives of many people are endangered. 此句用 and 把三個(gè)分句一貫到底,顯得乏味。如果把句子合并成復(fù)合句,語義就會(huì)更加連貫,語言也會(huì)更加流暢: The Mississippi River,which is one of the longest rivers in the world,often overflows its banks in springtime,endangering the lives of many people. 三 . 長短句結(jié)合使用。 長句和短句有各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。長句,因?yàn)槭褂玫亩ㄕZ、狀語較多,限制了概念的外延,增加了概念的內(nèi)涵,所以比較精確、嚴(yán)密,但用起來不夠活潑簡便。短句,由于詞數(shù)少,直截了當(dāng),一般比較簡潔、明快、有力,但不利于表達(dá)復(fù)雜的語義內(nèi)容。在實(shí)際寫作中,最好長短句結(jié)合使用。例如:
( 1 ) We can imagine the beautiful surroundings. ( 2 ) There are many trees along the streets. ( 3 ) There is a clean river in the city. ( 4 ) There are many fish in the river. ( 5 ) There are willow trees on one side. ( 6 ) There are some pieces of grassland on the other side. ( 7 ) There are many flowers on them. 文中 7 個(gè)句子都是簡單句,句子結(jié)構(gòu)單一(連用幾個(gè)There be句型),而且句子長短大體相同,十分單調(diào)。下面是修改后的段落: ( 1 ) Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener. ( 2 ) Green trees line the streets. ( 3 ) A clean river, in which fish are abound, winds through the city. ( 4 ) On one side stand rows of willow trees. ( 5 ) On the other side lies a stretch of grass with many yellow and red flowers. 改寫后的這段文字,有長句( 1 )、( 3 )、( 5 ),也有短句( 2 )和( 4 ),不僅文章句式有變化,讀起來有節(jié)奏感,而且,這樣使文章流暢自然,生動(dòng)活潑。 總之,英語句式的變化是多種多樣的,只要從要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容出發(fā),合理選用各種句式,就能寫出很好的文章。 |
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