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淺談強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是英語中一種得要的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，是英語學(xué)習(xí)者必須掌握的一種重要句型，因而在高考英語試卷中占有一席之地。本文擬結(jié)合高考試題對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的各個(gè)方面作如下歸納: 一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其它部分”。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為人且在句中作主語時(shí)，既可用who，也可用that，其它情況則一律用that。強(qiáng)調(diào)語時(shí)，that后的謂語動(dòng)詞必須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語在人稱與數(shù)上保持一致。如: It is they who often help me with my lessons. It is I who am to blame. It was in Greece that Olympic competititons first started. It was in 1976 that Tom knew her. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，去掉It is/was…that/who后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整、正確，句意仍明確、全面。 二、 強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 1、 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語。如: It was the ability to do the job____matters not where you come from or what yiou are. (NMET 2000) A. one B.that C.what D.it 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語the ability to do the job,故選B. 2、強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句在強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語時(shí)，有兩點(diǎn)需要注意： A、 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語時(shí)，要用that不能用when,where,why或how。如: It about 600 years ago ______the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.(NMET 97) A.that B.until C.before D.when 很明顯，這是對(duì)時(shí)間狀語的強(qiáng)調(diào)，故選A。 It was only when I rerad his poems recently____I began to appreciate their beauty.(NMET 98) A.until B.that C.then D.so 本句強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語when l reread his poems rerently,故選B。 It was because of bad weather____the footbal match had to be put off.(2003上海春季) A.so B.so that C.why D.that 本名強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語because of bad weather,故選D。 It was where had been a theatre ____they built a new modern school. A.where B.in which C.that D.so 本名強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語where there had been a thertre,故選C。 B，使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)狀語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，有必要將其與下列句型區(qū)分開來： 我們來比較下面的句子： 1） It was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small moun tain village. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) 2） It was evening when the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village。(when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，it表示時(shí)間) 3） It is for three hours that they have been back.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) It was three hours before they camme back.(before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，it表示時(shí)間) It was three hours since they camme back. (since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，it表示時(shí)間) 再如：It was raining when they came back.(時(shí)間狀語從句) It is true that he once went to canada.(主語從句) 3、 對(duì)“not…until…”結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，要用“It is/was not until…that…”這一固定句型。由于否定已經(jīng)前移，that后只能用肯定形式。如： It was not ____she took off her dark glasses____I realized she was a famous film star.(NMET 92). A.when ;that B.until ;that C.until ;when D.when ;then 正確答案為B。 It was not until 1920___regular radio broadcasts began. (NMET95) A.while B.which C.that D.since 正確答案為C。 4、 強(qiáng)調(diào)含有定語從句的主、賓、狀語時(shí)，要確定好強(qiáng)調(diào)志“that”的位置。如： Was it at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood? It was the girl whose father worked abroad that lent me the book. 三、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式。如： （1） Was it during the Second World War____he died?(NMET 88) A.that B.whie C.in which D.then 此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句，故選A。 （2） Is it you who often help the old woman with her housework? （3） Was it in her fifties that Mary began to learn Russian? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：Is/Was it…that/who…? 2、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式。如： （1） Who____helped you work out the maths problem? A.was he B.it was who C.was it tha D.it was 此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句，故選C。 (2) Where was it that you found the lost child? (3) Who was it that invented the telephone? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+is/was it that…? 注意在強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句型中，強(qiáng)調(diào)標(biāo)志that/who后只能使用陳述語序。 比較：Was it by plane that did he come back?(╳ ) Was it by plane that he came back?( √) When was it that the Second world War broke out?( √) When was it that did the Second World War break out?( ╳) (2)倒裝句中的某一部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)后，原倒裝句一再用倒裝語序 Never has he seen a wolf before. It was a wolf that he has nerer seen. (3)注意對(duì)賓語從句中的成份強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，賓語從句中仍用陳述語序 He asked what I was doing at this time yesterday. He asked What it was that lucy doing at this time yesterday. 要特別注意的是，若對(duì)疑問代詞Who(m)強(qiáng)調(diào)，只能用it is /was…that.如： Who told you the news?(對(duì)who強(qiáng)調(diào)) Who was it that told you the naws? (that不能用who代替) 四、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的判斷方法： It 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是句中的某個(gè)成分。對(duì)句中某個(gè)成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，就是把該成分擔(dān)到強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的it is /was 之后，that/who之前?？梢钥闯?，強(qiáng)調(diào)位置上的成分正好是that/who后面句子中所缺少的成分。因此，把一個(gè)句子中的It is /was…that/who…這一框架去掉以后，剩余仍是一個(gè)完整的句子（若是強(qiáng)調(diào)語，需適當(dāng)調(diào)整一下語序）我們就可以判斷該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。如：It was factory(that we visited last Sunday). 若去掉It was…that…這一框架，剩余部分不是完整的句子，所以原名不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，而是一個(gè)含有主語從句的從主復(fù)合句。如：It was ten o’clock when i got home last night.此句中when 不能換成that,因?yàn)樗皇菑?qiáng)調(diào)句，而是一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，句中it代指時(shí)間。下面一句才是強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was at ten o’clock that I got home last night.(=I got home at ten o’clock last night.) |
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