what is languistics?
linguistics is usually defined as the science of language or ,alternatively,as the scientific study of language.linguistics is a rich and exciting field.however,there have been arguments about whether lilnguistics is science,especially when it was just coming into being.but now the arguments die away and linguistics has firmly established its place as a major branch of social science.as a rcognized academic subject,it's an area with immense research potential,and a scholarly "industry"which produces a large amount of books,dissertations and papers every year.language is so valuable to the individual,so critical to the efficient functioning of human societies,and in itself so impressively intricate and profound in structure,that it's bound to attract a great amount of intellectual attention.and since this attention must produce studies which have practical importance(e.g.in speech therapy,education,teachniques of translation and many more"applied "concerns.)linguistics is bound to be an academically and economically favored pursuit.it is also a subject of theoretical importance,for one thing,structuralism originating from Saussure's views has influenced many other related social sciences such as literary studies and social studies.in China the study of language has a long history but modern linguistics still has a long way to go to enjoy a "boom".as a science,llinguistics now has a set of established theories,methods and sub-branches.as for its date,now the argument over intuition or corpus also fade as people realize the advangages of both and as corpus linguistics develops rapidly with the advent of computer technology.Lyons predicted in the seventies by pointing out that linguistics is empirical,rather than speculative or intuitive:it operates with publicly variale date obtained by means of observation or experiment(Lyons,1982:38).
什么是語(yǔ)言學(xué)呢？
語(yǔ)言學(xué)經(jīng)常被定義為語(yǔ)言的科學(xué)，或語(yǔ)言的科學(xué)研究。語(yǔ)言學(xué)是個(gè)豐富而有意思的領(lǐng)域。但是，對(duì)于語(yǔ)言是否是科學(xué)這個(gè)問(wèn)題曾經(jīng)有過(guò)爭(zhēng)議，特別是在這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)剛剛形成之時(shí)。現(xiàn)在，這些爭(zhēng)議已經(jīng)消失，語(yǔ)言學(xué)堅(jiān)定地確立了作為社會(huì)科學(xué)的主要分支的地位。作為一個(gè)已經(jīng)被人們認(rèn)識(shí)的學(xué)術(shù)主題，它具有極大的研究潛力，是一個(gè)學(xué)者“工廠”，每年制造出大量的書籍，論文和專著。語(yǔ)言對(duì)個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)是多門有價(jià)值，對(duì)于人類社會(huì)有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是多么至關(guān)重要，它自身在結(jié)構(gòu)上又是多么復(fù)雜和深?yuàn)W，所以它必定會(huì)吸引大量的知識(shí)分子的注意力。而這肯定又會(huì)產(chǎn)生有實(shí)際效用的研究活動(dòng)（如語(yǔ)言治療，教育，翻譯技巧和許多其他應(yīng)用性的活動(dòng)）。語(yǔ)言學(xué)必定會(huì)成為一種受歡迎的學(xué)術(shù)性的，經(jīng)濟(jì)性的追求。他還是一門具有理論重要性的學(xué)科，源自于索緒爾觀點(diǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)主義已經(jīng)影響到了其他很相關(guān)的社會(huì)科學(xué)，如文學(xué)研究和社會(huì)學(xué)研究。而在中國(guó)，雖然語(yǔ)言的研究有著久遠(yuǎn)的歷史，但是現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)卻還需要長(zhǎng)期不懈的努力去達(dá)到一個(gè)高峰。作為一門科學(xué)，語(yǔ)言學(xué)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)建立了一整套理論，方法和分支。而且今天，人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到了直覺和語(yǔ)料各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)，并且，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的進(jìn)展，語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)言學(xué)也得到了飛速的發(fā)展，所以，關(guān)于選擇直覺還是語(yǔ)料的爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)平息。來(lái)盎司在70年代就遇到了這個(gè)，他指出，語(yǔ)言學(xué)史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，而不是猜想的或直覺的：它的操作是依靠由觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)得來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行的。(來(lái)昂斯Lyons,1982:38).以上是《語(yǔ)言學(xué)教程》關(guān)于語(yǔ)言學(xué)的相關(guān)解釋，可能與原文不符，只是我對(duì)主要內(nèi)容的歸納。如果想進(jìn)一步了解關(guān)于語(yǔ)言學(xué)的定義，可以參考語(yǔ)言學(xué)網(wǎng)站或其他相關(guān)資料。