形容詞、副詞命題趨勢
形容詞是用來修飾名詞的詞表示名詞的屬性,副詞和形容詞一樣,在句中起修飾作用,所不同的是:形容詞主要修飾名詞;而副詞主要修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞和句子等。對形容詞、副詞的考查是高考一項重要考查內(nèi)容,考查的方向主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面:
1. 形容詞的用法;
2. 副詞的用法;
3. 形容詞和副詞原級、比較級、最高級的用法;
4. 形容詞和副詞在句中的區(qū)別和位置。
考點詮釋
一、考查形容詞的作用與位置
形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。常放在被修飾的名詞前作定語,放在系動詞后作表語,或放在賓語之后作賓語補足語。
1.多個形容詞作定語時的排列順序
考例--Yeah, too _______work makes me tired. [太原市]
A. little B. many C. much
[答案]C。[解析]本題重在考查幾個形容詞的用法。little有"小的"或"幾乎沒有"等意思。many與much都有"多"的意思,但many修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),much修飾不可數(shù)名詞??崭窈蟮拿~work是不可數(shù)名詞,故應選C。
2.形容詞用作定語,修飾不定代詞時,通常后置。
The idea of "sunshine sport" makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as one hour every day. [哈爾濱市]
A. pleasant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant
[答案]B。[解析]考查形容詞和不定代詞的位置關(guān)系。從句子意思可知應填anything pleasant表"任何高興的事"。A結(jié)構(gòu)不對,C表否定。
3.表語形容詞(well,unwell,ill,faint, afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等)作定語,需要后置;有些表示身體健康狀況的形容詞,如well,faint,m只作表語;sick既可作表語又可作定語。
考例Carl felt _______because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. [安徽省]
A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried
[答案]B 。[解析]考查形容詞詞義。根據(jù)句意"獲獎是值得高興、自豪的事情",應選proud。
I feel ________to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. [太原市]
A. luckily B. happy C. sorry
[答案]B。[解析]本題重在考查系動詞的用法。系動詞feel"覺得"其后可接形容詞作表語,A項為副詞,故排除;B、C雖然都是形容詞,但意義相反,根據(jù)后句推斷選B。
Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest____ writers.He is still__________.[鎮(zhèn)江]
A.1iving;alive B.1iving;1iving C.a(chǎn)live;living D.a(chǎn)live;alive
答案:A解析:alive作表語或后置定語,指"有生命的,活的,還出著氣的";living指"健在的,現(xiàn)行的,現(xiàn)代的",可作表語,也可作定語。句意為"金庸是最偉大的健在的老作家之一,他仍然活著",故選A。
4.用作補足語。
考例Li Lei's words made her_________..[濟南]
A.happily B.a(chǎn)ngrily C.crying D.a(chǎn)ngry
答案:D解析:本題考查make后跟形容詞作賓語補足語的用法。選項中只有angry為形容詞,故選D。
5.形容詞之間詞義的區(qū)別
考例Nothing in the world is ________if you put your heart into it. [昆明]
A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary
[答案]A。[解析]考查幾個重要的形容詞的含義。這是一個含有條件狀語從句的復合句,后句給出的條件是"如果你把你的整個心思放進去",那么可以很容易判斷在世界上沒有什么是"不可能的",其余三項"重要的、有趣的、必須的"都與句子意思不符。
---Would you like to go and see a film?
--Sure; the TV programmes are too____________.[南京]
A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring
[答案]D。[解析]考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境應選boring意為"枯燥的"。
-Why are you so____?
-Because our ping-pong player Wang Liqin has won the world championship.[福州]
A.excited B.exciting C.bored D.boring
答案:A解析:由題意"我們的乒乓球運動員王勵勤獲勝",故選A或B。exciting"令人興奮的",往往修飾物/事;excited指人興奮,故選A。
二、考查副詞的作用與位置
1.副詞則用來修飾形容詞、動詞、副詞或句子,一般位于形容詞之前,動詞之后或句子之首。
The suitcase(手提箱)was __heavy for me to carry,so I pulled it up the stairs and into my flat.[沈陽]
A. quite B so C very D.too
[答案]D。[解析]考查 too…to句型。too…to太……而不能,"這個手提箱太重了,提不動,所以 … 。
We all love Miss Yang.She always makes her history class very_________.[ 重慶]
A.interest B.interests C.interesting D.interested
答案:C解析:very是副詞,后要跟形容詞,該形容詞修飾事物history class,故用interesting;如果修飾人用interested。故選C。
2.enough作副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時,必須后置。
考例-What do you think of the lecture(演講)of Li Yang's Crazy English?
-I think it's____,but someone thinks it's much too________.[安徽蕪湖]
A.wonderful enough;bored B.enough wonderful;boring
C.wonderful enough;boring D.enough wonderful;bored
C解析:enough修飾形容詞時要后置,故排除B、D,而形容物時要用一ing形式的形容詞,形容人時用一ed形式的形容詞,故選C。
3. 副詞之間的詞義區(qū)別
考例It's too late to go out now and______, it's starting to rain.[杭州]
A. though B. besides C. however D. instead
解析:答案為B。題干前半句說"現(xiàn)在時間太晚了不能出去了",后面有說"天開始下雨了",這兩者是什么關(guān)系呢?不能出去的原因有兩個,時間太晚不出去不方便,天在下雨就更不好出去了,因此兩者應該是并列或遞進關(guān)系。選項B的besides意為"此外,而且",符合題意故為正確選項。
三、對形容詞和副詞的比較等級的考查
1.原級的用法。
表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時,用"as+原級形容詞/副詞+as"的結(jié)構(gòu);表示雙方不相等時,用"not so(as)+原級形容詞/副詞+as"的結(jié)構(gòu);表示一方是另一方的若干倍時,用"倍數(shù)+as+原級形容詞/副詞+as"的結(jié)構(gòu)。
考例John is much shorter than his sister,but he jumps ___________she does.[連云港]
A.a(chǎn)s good as B as best as C.a(chǎn)s high as D.a(chǎn)s higher as
[答案]C。[解析]用"as...a(chǎn)s"作比較時,應使用形容詞或副詞的原級,據(jù)此可將B與D項排除。good是形容詞,不能用作狀語修飾謂語動詞,所以C項正確。
Don't just believe the advertisement.That kind of camera is ______it says. [ 湖北]
A.a(chǎn)s good as B.not as good as C.a(chǎn)s well as D.not as well as
答案:B解析:上句為"不要僅僅相信廣告",下句應為"這種相機沒有它說的好"。"不如……"用not as+ adj./adv. + as,句中有is,故用形容詞。故選B。
2.比較級的用法。
?、牛硎疽环匠^另一方時,用"比較級+than"的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。
考例--Which coat is ____on me,the blue one or the black one?
一The blue one.[北京市]
A good B better C.best D.the best
[答案]B。[解析] 考查比較級,根據(jù)句意:"哪個大衣我穿著更好看,是藍色的,還是黑色的?"兩者比較用比較級,故選B。
--I think Shanghai food is ____Sichuan food.
--I don't agree.I like Sichuan food better.[沈陽市]
A. better than B so good as C more than D as well as
[答案]A 。[解析]is是系動詞,后面不能用as well as(因為well作adv:),所以排除D。not so…as表"不及……",用在否定句中故也被排除。more than不合句意,所以選A。
一What does your cousin look like now?
--0h, he is much ____than before.[福州市]
A. strong B stronger C strongest D.too strong
[答案]B。[解析]本題考查形容詞的比較級。"than"是比較級的標志,它表示兩者作比較,應使用形容詞strong的比較級stronger,故選B項。
Let's go by plane, It's __________than by train. [吉林省]
A. faster B. fastest C. slower D. slowest
[答案]A 。[解析]由關(guān)鍵詞than可知用比較級,所以排除了B、D。再由常識:飛機的速度快于火車,故選A。