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Fedora/Redhat 在線安裝更新軟件包，yum 篇 ──
給新手指南(轉(zhuǎn))
對(duì)于RPM包的系統(tǒng)，有以下幾個(gè)常用的站點(diǎn)。 http:// http://rpm. http:// 如果我們用的是Redhat/Fedora通過(guò)在升級(jí)軟件包，除了系統(tǒng)自帶的up2date以外，我們還有 http:// 這個(gè)站。當(dāng)然有在線升級(jí)工具 yum 和 apt-get 來(lái)用。 一、 yum 的使用； 有些初學(xué)Linux的弟兄可能問(wèn)，為什么不用系統(tǒng)自帶的圖形化工具up2date來(lái)升級(jí)，卻要用 yum呢。其實(shí)大家用一用就知道了，up2date 真是奇慢無(wú)比，而且經(jīng)常失去響應(yīng)；造成機(jī)器假死的情況。所以我們還是試一試yum ；另外 可能比官方站更快的更新升級(jí)源，也沒(méi)有理由不用 yum； 1、首先我們要到下面的地址下載與自己系統(tǒng)相對(duì)應(yīng)的版本的 yum； http://ayo./ 比如我用的是Fedora core 4.0 就下載如下的包安裝； [root@localhost beinan]# rpm -ivh freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm warning: freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e42d547b Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:freshrpms-release ########################################### [100%] 比如我要安裝能聽(tīng)mp3的 bmp-mp3，只要輸入下面的命令行即可，系統(tǒng)就自己工作了； [root@localhost beinan]# yum install bmp-mp3 內(nèi)容全景如下： 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum install bmp-mp3 Setting up Install Process Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 42 kB 00:03 freshrpms : ################################################## 122/122 Added 122 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.72 seconds Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for bmp-mp3 to pack into transaction set. bmp-mp3-0.9.7-1.2.fc4.i38 100% |=========================| 2.9 kB 00:00 ---> Package bmp-mp3.i386 0:0.9.7-1.2.fc4 set to be updated --> Running transaction check --> Processing Dependency: libid3-3.8.so.3 for package: bmp-mp3 --> Processing Dependency: libbeep.so.2 for package: bmp-mp3 --> Processing Dependency: bmp >= 0.9.7 for package: bmp-mp3 --> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes. --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for id3lib to pack into transaction set. id3lib-3.8.3-11.fc4.i386. 100% |=========================| 38 kB 00:05 ---> Package id3lib.i386 0:3.8.3-11.fc4 set to be updated ---> Downloading header for bmp to pack into transaction set. bmp-0.9.7-10.fc4.i386.rpm 100% |=========================| 14 kB 00:03 ---> Package bmp.i386 0:0.9.7-10.fc4 set to be updated --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: bmp-mp3 i386 0.9.7-1.2.fc4 freshrpms 95 k Installing for dependencies: bmp i386 0.9.7-10.fc4 extras 912 k id3lib i386 3.8.3-11.fc4 extras 752 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 3 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 1.7 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/3): id3lib-3.8.3-11.fc 100% |=========================| 752 kB 01:04 (2/3): bmp-0.9.7-10.fc4.i 100% |=========================| 912 kB 02:14 (3/3): bmp-mp3-0.9.7-1.2. 100% |=========================| 95 kB 00:05 Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing: bmp ######################### [1/3] Installing: id3lib ######################### [2/3] Installing: bmp-mp3 ######################### [3/3] Installed: bmp-mp3.i386 0:0.9.7-1.2.fc4 Dependency Installed: bmp.i386 0:0.9.7-10.fc4 id3lib.i386 0:3.8.3-11.fc4 Complete! yum優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能把依賴關(guān)系自行解決，比如上面的，我們可以看到本來(lái)我們只安裝的是bmp-mp3，結(jié)果yum 安裝也安裝了 id3lib ；bmp 二、yum的一點(diǎn)小用法； 1、查詢軟件包； 面對(duì)成千上萬(wàn)的軟件，我們可能無(wú)從下手，有時(shí)也不知道它的文件名；這時(shí)就要用到查詢；我們可以用 yum list 來(lái)列出yum升級(jí)源上的包有文件；然后我們?cè)賮?lái)查看 info 有以下幾個(gè)組合可以用；比如； [root@localhost beinan]# yum list |more 加上一個(gè)管道 |，然后 more 一下，就能把所有的包分頁(yè)顯示出來(lái)。然后按一下空格鍵就能看下一頁(yè)了。在顯示的軟件列表中，會(huì)有軟件名稱(chēng)、版本、是否安裝等；仔細(xì)的看一下吧。熟悉了就好 了。也沒(méi)有什么難的。 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum list |more Setting up repositories Reading repository metadata in from local files Installed Packages 4Suite.i386 1.0-8.b1 installed Canna.i386 3.7p3-13 installed Canna-devel.i386 3.7p3-13 installed 如果想知道軟件的詳細(xì)信息，可能得用上info參數(shù)了。比如： 用法： [root@localhost beinan]# yum info 軟件名 比如： 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum info bmp-mp3 Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files Installed Packages Name : bmp-mp3 Arch : i386 Version: 0.9.7 Release: 1.2.fc4 Size : 234 k Repo : freshrpms Summary: MP3 playback plugin for the Beep Media Player Description: This package contains an MP3 playback plugin for BMP (Beep Media Player), a media player that uses a skinned user interface based on Winamp 2.x skins, and is based on ("forked off") XMMS. 在上面的例子中，如果Repo : freshrpms是這樣的，表示您的系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有安裝這個(gè)軟件，如果顯示的是：Repo : installed，表示已經(jīng)安裝了。 查詢軟件包，也可以再加參數(shù) grep ，比如我們想查詢升級(jí)源上是否有內(nèi)核的新版本，則我們可以用下面的命令查詢；當(dāng)然您也可以用 [root@localhost beinan]# yum search kernel |more ，也就是yum --help提供的參數(shù)，也是一樣的； [root@localhost beinan]# yum list |grep kernel 我們看一下機(jī)器工作的結(jié)果，如下： 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum list |grep kernel GFS-kernel.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 installed cman-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 installed dlm-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 installed gnbd-kernel.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 installed kernel.i686 2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 installed kernel-devel.i686 2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 installed kernel-doc.noarch 2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 installed GFS-kernel.i586 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 base GFS-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 updates-released GFS-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 updates-released GFS-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 base GFS-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 base GFS-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 base cman-kernel.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released cman-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released cman-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released cman-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released cman-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released cman-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released cman-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released dlm-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released dlm-kernel.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released dlm-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released dlm-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released dlm-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released dlm-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released dlm-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released gnbd-kernel.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released gnbd-kernel.i586 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released gnbd-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released gnbd-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released gnbd-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released gnbd-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released gnbd-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released kernel.i586 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-devel.i586 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-doc.noarch 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-smp.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-smp-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-xen0-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released kernel-xenU-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released 上面的確顯示出一大堆與內(nèi)核有關(guān)的， installed表示我們的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)安裝了； 咱們看前一列吧，看一下名字就能猜個(gè)差不多；比如 doc 肯定和內(nèi)核文檔有關(guān)了；smp是多處理器的內(nèi)核；其它的我不懂了，請(qǐng)想知道的弟兄用 info來(lái)看吧。 比如我們用的機(jī)器是單處理器的X86機(jī)，想看一下是否有新內(nèi)核可用。所以咱們?cè)囈幌孪旅娴倪@個(gè)?？词欠褚呀?jīng)有了新內(nèi)核可以升級(jí)的； [root@localhost beinan]# yum info kernel.i686 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum info kernel.i686 Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files Installed Packages Name : kernel Arch : i686 Version: 2.6.11 Release: 1.1369_FC4 Size : 37 M Repo : installed Summary: Linux 內(nèi)核(Linux 操作系統(tǒng)的核心)。 Description: kernel 軟件包包含 Linux 內(nèi)核 (vmlinuz)，Red Hat Linux 操作系統(tǒng)的核心。內(nèi)核處理操作系統(tǒng)的基本功能： 分配內(nèi)存、處理分配、設(shè)備的輸入和輸出等等。 Available Packages Name : kernel Arch : i686 Version: 2.6.12 Release: 1.1398_FC4 Size : 14 M Repo : updates-released Summary: The Linux kernel (the core of the Linux operating system) Description: The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any Linux operating system. The kernel handles the basic functions of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device input and output, etc. 通過(guò)上面的信息，我們可以看到 2.6.11的是已經(jīng)安裝了，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)顯示的是Repo : installed ，下面還有一個(gè)Version: 2.6.12 ，告訴我們是Repo : updates-released，看來(lái)這個(gè)是升級(jí)用的了。 所以是否升級(jí)就看我們的了。 [root@localhost beinan]# yum update kernel 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum update kernel Setting up Upgrade Process Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for kernel to pack into transaction set. kernel-2.6.12-1.1398_FC4. 100% |=========================| 174 kB 00:18 ---> Package kernel.i686 0:2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 set to be installed --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: kernel i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released 14 M Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 1 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 14 M Is this ok [y/N]: 是不是升級(jí)，只需要在 Is this ok [y/N]:行的后面輸入y或者N；y是yes，就是點(diǎn)頭同意的意思；N就是搖頭No的意思。 對(duì)于軟件包的查詢，還有，比如： #yum list available 列出所有升級(jí)源上的包； #yum list updates 列出所有升級(jí)源上的可以更新包； #yum list installed 列出已經(jīng)安裝的包； yum 的命令支持通配符； 比如； 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum list mp* |more Setting up repositories Reading repository metadata in from local files Installed Packages mpage.i386 2.5.4-5 installed Available Packages mpc.i386 0.11.2-3 extras mpeg2dec.i386 0.4.0-5b.2.fc4 freshrpms mpeg2dec-devel.i386 0.4.0-5b.2.fc4 freshrpms mpg321.i386 0.2.10-6.2.fc4 freshrpms mplayer.i386 1.0-0.16.pre7.2.fc4 freshrpms mplayer-docs.i386 1.0-0.16.pre7.2.fc4 freshrpms mplayer-fonts.noarch 1.1-3.fc freshrpms mplayer-skins.noarch 1.7-1.fc freshrpms [root@localhost beinan]# 2.安裝和升級(jí)軟件包； 安裝和升級(jí)分別是 install 和 update 參數(shù)；比如； [root@localhost beinan]# yum update firefox 這樣我們就可以升級(jí) firefox了。 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum update firefox Setting up Update Process Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:03 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:02 Reading repository metadata in from local files Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Package firefox.i386 0:1.0.6-1.1.fc4 set to be updated --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Updating: firefox i386 1.0.6-1.1.fc4 updates-released 18 M Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 0 Package(s) Update 1 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 18 M Is this ok [y/N]: 如果不加參數(shù)的 update 會(huì)是什么呢？？ [root@localhost beinan]# yum update 試著運(yùn)行一下看看？會(huì)好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全面更新，我們要進(jìn)行y和N了。 3.移除軟件包要用到remove參數(shù)；比如； [root@localhost beinan]# yum remove bmp-mp3 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum remove bmp-mp3 Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Package bmp-mp3.i386 0:0.9.7-1.2.fc4 set to be erased --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Removing: bmp-mp3 i386 0.9.7-1.2.fc4 installed 234 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 0 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 1 Package(s) Total download size: 0 Is this ok [y/N]: 按y就移除了； 三、yum的幫助； 在論壇中有好多，有興趣的弟兄自己找找看吧；但也不要忘記了自救；呵。。。。 代碼: [root@localhost beinan]# yum --help Usage: yum [options] Options: -c [config file] - specify the config file to use -e [error level] - set the error logging level -d [debug level] - set the debugging level -y - answer yes to all questions -R [time in minutes] - set the max amount of time to randomly run in -C run from cache only - do not update the cache --installroot=[path] - set the install root (default '/') --version - output the version of yum --exclude=package to exclude --disablerepo=repository id to disable (overrides config file) --enablerepo=repository id to enable (overrides config file) -h, --help - this screen 還有更厲害的幫助； [root@localhost beinan]#man yum |
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來(lái)自： soulhiking > 《Linux》
