在寫(xiě)代碼之前，需要注意的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，使用命令行模式寫(xiě)MySQL語(yǔ)句，如果涉及到中文，最好利用 mysql>charset GBK;命令將客戶端字符集設(shè)置為GBK，這樣能保證正確插入和讀取中文(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)端字符集可以是gb2312,GBK,utf8等支持中文的字符集).
如果是利用Mysql 提供的 MySQL Query Browser 工具來(lái)寫(xiě)腳本,建議先在ultra edit等文本工具（最好別用記事本，因?yàn)榭赡苡凶址幋a問(wèn)題,推薦ultra edit)將代碼寫(xiě)好，然后再粘貼到
QueryBrowser 的Script Tab 中一并執(zhí)行，因?yàn)镼ueryBrowser對(duì)中文的支持有bug,無(wú)法正確的輸入中文，因此要先在別處寫(xiě)好。
寫(xiě)了幾個(gè)表，里面包括外鍵主鍵的設(shè)置，建表語(yǔ)句如下：
USE testdatabase;
CREATE TABLE class (
    class_id INTEGER UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    class_name VARCHAR(40)
);


CREATE TABLE student (
    student_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    PRIMARY KEY(student_id),
    student_name varchar(40),
    class_id INTEGER UNSIGNED,
    CONSTRAINT FK_student_class FOREIGN KEY(class_id) REFERENCES class(class_id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
);



CREATE TABLE lession(
    lession_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    PRIMARY KEY (lession_id),
    lession_name varchar(40)
);

CREATE TABLE core(
    core_id INTEGER UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT,
    lession_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    student_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    core    FLOAT,
    close_status INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
    CONSTRAINT PK_core PRIMARY KEY(
        core_id
    ),
    CONSTRAINT FK_core_lession FOREIGN KEY(lession_id) REFERENCES lession(lession_id),
    CONSTRAINT FK_core_student FOREIGN KEY(student_id) REFERENCES student(student_id)
    ON DELETE CASCADE
);



CREATE TABLE teacher(
    teacher_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    PRIMARY KEY(teacher_id),
    teacher_name varchar(40)
);

CREATE TABLE teachlession(
    teachlession_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    lession_id INTEGER UNSIGNED,
    teacher_id INTEGER UNSIGNED,
    CONSTRAINT FK_teachlession_lession FOREIGN KEY(lession_id) REFERENCES lession(lession_id)
    ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT FK_teachlession_teacher FOREIGN KEY(teacher_id) REFERENCES teacher(teacher_id)
    ON DELETE CASCADE
);

CREATE TABLE sysuser(
    sysuser_id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    sysuser_name VARCHAR(40),
    sysuser_password VARCHAR(40),
    sysuser_role INTEGER,
    foreign_id INTEGER
);


/*這是指定表和列的字符集方式創(chuàng)建表*/
use testdatabase;
drop table if exists chartable;
create table chartable(
name varchar(30) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci
)character set latin1 collate latin1_danish_ci;

insert into chartable values('我們的世界');

一點(diǎn)總結(jié)：
    1. 建表語(yǔ)句的順序必須符合各個(gè)表之間的關(guān)系，比如主表應(yīng)該在與之有外鍵關(guān)系的表之前建立。
    2.關(guān)于外鍵的聲明，兩個(gè)字段的類型必須相同。
    3.注意代碼的編碼格式和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)字符集項(xiàng)符合。

轉(zhuǎn)自：http://hi.baidu.com/sodarfish/blog/item/b415160f587fb2e9aa645727.html