四、頻度副詞 1. 頻度副詞的特點(diǎn) 頻度副詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù),常見有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。 2. 頻度副詞在句中的位置 頻度副詞通常位于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后: He often comes to see us. 他常來看我們。 He is seldom late for school. 他上學(xué)很少遲到。 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),頻度副詞也可位于動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞等之前: She always was late. 她老是遲到。 有的頻度副詞可位于句末(尤其受very, only修飾時(shí)): I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五領(lǐng)工資。 We go out very seldom. 我們很少外出。 Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看電影嗎? 有的頻度副詞(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此時(shí)多半是因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)或?qū)Ρ?: Sometimes he went there by bus. 有時(shí)他坐公共汽車去那兒。 Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 電話經(jīng)常在我洗澡時(shí)響。 【注】含有否定意義的頻度副詞置于句首時(shí),其后要用倒裝語序: Never have I been there. 我從未去過那兒。 Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看電影。 另外,頻度副詞always 和 never通常不位于句首,除非是祈使句: Always remember this. 時(shí)刻記住這一點(diǎn)。 Never go out at night. 晚上千萬不要出去。 3. 頻度副詞在否定句中的位置 在否定句中,有的頻度副詞可位于否定詞not之后或之前(如usually, often),有的頻度副詞則必須位于否定詞之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously,均含有“連續(xù)不斷”之意),而有的頻度副詞卻必須要位于否定詞not之前(如sometimes, frequently): He doesn’t usually come here. / He usually doesn’t come here. 他通常不來這兒。 She doesn’t always come late. 她并非總是遲到。(不能說 always doesn’t) He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有時(shí)對(duì)所做的事不負(fù)責(zé)任。 五、程度副詞 1. 程度副詞的特點(diǎn) 程度副詞用于表示程度,常見的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。 2. 程度副詞的用法注意點(diǎn) (1) 程度副詞主要用于修飾形容詞和副詞,有的還可修飾比較級(jí)(如much, rather 等)和最高級(jí)(如quite, much, almost 等): Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房價(jià)貴多了。 This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 這是這里最貴的收音機(jī)。 【注】quite 有時(shí)也修飾比較級(jí),但只用于quite better(身體康復(fù))這一表達(dá)。 (2) 有的程度副詞(如quite, rather, almost等)可修飾動(dòng)詞,但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)則不能修飾動(dòng)詞: I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意見。(不用fairly, pretty, very) We rather like the film. 我們很喜歡這部電影。(不用fairly, pretty, very) (3) 個(gè)別的程度副詞(主要是quite和rather)還可修飾名詞(注意詞序): It’s quite [rather] a good idea. / It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是個(gè)好主意。 若此結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有形容詞,則 quite 和 rather 則只能放在冠詞之前: It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相當(dāng)成功。 六、連接副詞 1. 連接副詞的分類 連接副詞可分為兩類,一類是用于連接句子或從句,常見的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等;另一類是用于引導(dǎo)從句或不定式,主要的有when, why, where, how 等。 2. 連接句子或從句的連接副詞 其性質(zhì)類似于并列連詞,使用時(shí)其前通常用分號(hào)或句號(hào);若其前用逗號(hào),則通常帶有并列連詞(如and): I don’t like it; besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜歡它,而且也太貴了。 We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我們都已盡了最大的努力,不過我們還是輸了。 注意,有的連接副詞(如however等)后通常有逗號(hào)與句子的其他成分隔開。另外,這類副詞有的還可位于句中或句末: He may, however, come later. 不過,他也許一會(huì)兒就到。 We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我們都已盡了最大的努力,不過我們還是輸了。 Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides. 彼特是我們最小的孩子,我們另外還有三個(gè)。 3. 引導(dǎo)從句和不定式的連接副詞 用于引導(dǎo)從句(名詞性從句)或不定式的連接副詞主要有when, why, where, how等: Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave. 告訴我什么時(shí)候離開。 I don’t know how I can find him. / I don’t know how to find him. 我不知道如何找到他。 Where we can get the money is just our problem. / Where to get the money is just our problem. 到哪里去弄這筆錢正是我們頭痛的事。 That’s why he speaks English so well. 那就是他為什么英語講得這么好的原因。 【注】連接副詞why 后不能接不定式,如可說 I don’t know why I must leave.(我不知道我為什么必須離開),但不能說 I don’t know why to leave。 |
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