Python通過gettext模塊支持國際化(i18n),可以實現程序的多語言界面的支持,下面是我的多語言支持實現:
1. 在python安裝目錄下的./Tools/i18n/(windows下例 D:\Program Files\Python25\Tools\i18n)目錄中找到pygettext.py運行之,生成翻譯文件模版messages.pot,內容大概是這個樣子:
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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2007-01-24 15:05+China Standard Time\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING\n"
"Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.5\n"
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改之,charset=gb2312 Content-Transfer-Encoding: utf8如下:
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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2007-01-18 09:55+China Standard Time\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=gb2312\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: utf8\n"
"Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.5\n"
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那個msgid” ” 和msgstr” “不要動
好,翻譯文件已經建立了,保存之,文件名改為lang.po.
2. 建立翻譯文件路徑,在主文件目錄下建立中文翻譯路徑 ./locale/cn/LC_MESSAGES/(windows下例D:\ python-prj\src\locale\cn\LC_MESSAGES,其中src目錄是源文件主目錄),英文翻譯路徑 ./locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/(windows下例D:\ python-prj\src\locale\en\LC_MESSAGES,其中src目錄是源文件主目錄)
3. 在主文件中引入gettext模塊:
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#!/usr/bin/env python
import gettext
gettext.install(‘lang‘, ‘./locale‘, unicode=False)
gettext.translation(‘lang‘, ‘./locale‘, languages=[‘cn‘]).install(True)
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第四行中lang是翻譯文件主名, ./locale是存放翻譯文件的路徑,第三個參數是是否使用unicode,第五行languages參數指定要使用的語言存放的子目錄,這里cn表示使用./locale/cn/LC_MESSAGES/路徑下的翻譯文件.
注意: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 一定要寫在前兩行,寫第三行都不會生效
4. 處理要翻譯的字符串,例:
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print “Hello world!”
print “Python is a good Language.”
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改之:
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print _(“Hello world!”)
print _(“Python is a good Language.”)
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5. 編寫并生成翻譯文件,打開步驟1中編輯過的lang.po文件添加翻譯文字,形成如下內容:
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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2007-01-18 09:55+China Standard Time\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=gb2312\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: utf8\n"
"Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.5\n"
msgid " Hello world!"
msgstr "世界你好!"
msgid " Python is a good Language."
msgstr "Python 是門好語言."
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保存之,運行./Tools/i18n/目錄下的msgfmt.py,Linux下命令為: python msgfmt.py lang.po(widows下的話,將lang.po文件拷貝到./Tools/i18n/目錄下,運行命令行窗口,到改目錄下鍵入:msgfmt.py lang.po),生成lang.mo,將該文件拷貝至./locale/cn/LC_MESSAGES/目錄下,將步驟1生成的lang.po文件直接生成lang.mo文件拷貝到./locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/目錄下,好了一切都準備好了,命令行下運行你的主文件,看看兩個print命令是不是輸出了世界你好! Python 是門好語言.,如果將主文件第五行languages參數置為en,則輸出是Hello world! Python is a good Language.,因為en目錄下lang.mo文件未做任何的翻譯,默認字符串不被替換.
上述實現的方法用在界面編程上可以實現中英文界面的切換,需要作個配置文件選擇中/英文;或者在主文件開始時先獲取操作系統(tǒng)本地語言然后根據獲取結果再設置中/英文,這樣就可以實現軟件語言自適應;如果想實現軟件語言在線切換,對于python來說就比較困難了,需要在軟件中加入界面刷新機制,不推薦,可以在切換中/英文設置后軟件下一次啟動生效(軟件如Ulipad).
