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英足球迷為何“狂熱” 英格蘭隊(duì)無疑是參加本屆世界杯32支球隊(duì)中最被關(guān)注的球隊(duì)之一。英國(guó)球迷又將象以往一樣隨著這支球隊(duì)的輸贏，情緒劇烈地波動(dòng)著，有時(shí)候歇斯底里，有時(shí)候喜極而泣。一個(gè)小小的足球，為何有這么大的力量掀起情感波瀾？ 據(jù)英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》的一篇文章說，其實(shí)，球迷們的各種情緒，都是依據(jù)關(guān)系心理學(xué)的種種規(guī)則運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。 實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，當(dāng)看到自己支持的球隊(duì)獲勝的時(shí)候，球迷們體內(nèi)的睪丸激素分泌會(huì)出現(xiàn)驚人的提高。據(jù)了解，睪丸激素是男性荷爾蒙的一種，主要控制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)、自信、安寧和樂觀精神。從某種意義上說，整個(gè)國(guó)家現(xiàn)在都是處在睪丸激素的作用之下。心理學(xué)家們提出了這樣一個(gè)問題：球迷們?yōu)槭裁磳⑷绱硕嗟木Ψ旁诟緹o法控制的東西上面？ 一種說法認(rèn)為，球隊(duì)給球迷提供了一種“身份感”，當(dāng)許多球迷同時(shí)給予一支球隊(duì)支持時(shí)，他們團(tuán)結(jié)一致，就像加入了一個(gè)社會(huì)組織。如果這種身份感足夠強(qiáng)，球隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)就會(huì)影響到球迷的態(tài)度和心理，也就是俗稱的“自己的球隊(duì)”影響自己。因此在觀看職業(yè)比賽時(shí)，球迷們總是有自己的觀感、壓力等等，在比賽進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，球隊(duì)和球迷暫時(shí)融為了一體。每個(gè)人都希望他人和自己有情感上的共鳴，立場(chǎng)一致的球迷們?cè)谇楦猩匣ハ嗟玫焦缠Q，拉近他們的距離，使他們獲得歸屬感。另外，球迷在觀看球賽的過程中，心情隨之起伏，或鼓掌或吶喊，是一種很好的宣泄方式，有助于舒緩現(xiàn)代生活中的緊張壓力。 另一方面，職業(yè)競(jìng)技場(chǎng)也證實(shí)了許多的價(jià)值和幻想。如果“我們”的球隊(duì)獲勝了，也就等同于我們贏了，我們的身份得到了承認(rèn)。心理學(xué)家證實(shí)，在英格蘭，這種影響更為明顯，因?yàn)橛⒏裉m人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代足球是“屬于他們”的運(yùn)動(dòng)，英格蘭的球迷總是在強(qiáng)調(diào)“足球的回歸”。 作為一個(gè)國(guó)家，英格蘭在競(jìng)技和個(gè)人方面非常突出，另外由于帝國(guó)建設(shè)和軍事侵略等顯示國(guó)家利己主義的手段已經(jīng)不再成為主流，體育就成了表現(xiàn)國(guó)家野心的主要手段。同時(shí)，整個(gè)國(guó)家的心理狀態(tài)也表明，不多的幾場(chǎng)勝利帶來的愉悅的背后，還有一些更為深邃的內(nèi)容。在英格蘭這樣一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人發(fā)展的文化當(dāng)中，球員們?cè)谙鄬?duì)松懈的結(jié)構(gòu)下為進(jìn)球而努力。但是無論個(gè)人主義怎樣強(qiáng)大，球隊(duì)總是需要一種聯(lián)系，同周邊的人探討、互動(dòng)——從而獲得一種身處團(tuán)體的感覺。因此，當(dāng)魯尼把足球送入大門的時(shí)候，所有球迷的感覺是他不僅僅是為自己踢球，同時(shí)也是為了所有人——在那一時(shí)刻，球迷和球員的心連在了一起。 translator：milkywayfish Why are England soccer fans so crazy? Of the 32 teams in this World Cup, the England team is undoubtedly one of those that attract most public attention. As before, the England fans will inevitably go through an emotional turbulence of hysteria and tearful exhilaration at the team‘s ups and downs. How can a tiny soccer blows up such a tremendous emotional storm? An article from The Guardian, a British newspaper, tells us the emotional torrents of the fans may be explained by the principles of Relationship Psychology. Experiments prove that the fans‘ testicle hormone will go up dramatically at their team‘s victory. As is known, testicle hormone, one of the male hormones, controls senses of aggressiveness, confidence, calmness and optimism. In a sense, the whole country is overtaken by the power of testicle hormone at present. However, psychologists have raised such a question: why do fans exert so much energy on something completely uncontrollable? One answer highlights the sort of "identity" the team gives to the fans. When a large number of fans support one team, they tend to stand together, feeling they belong to one social group. When this sense of identity is strong enough, the performance of the team may exert direct influence on how fans feel, or what is usually called that they are influenced by "their own team". Therefore, fans invariably experience tension and pressure as they watch professional games, in which they and their team are temporarily united as one. Everyone wishes to find emotional common ground with others. Naturally, fans of the same team feel emotionally close and thus get the sense of conformity. In addition, watching soccer games contributes to the relief of pressures of present life. On the other hand, professional arena helps to realize some personal values and dreams. To the fans, the victory of their team is also their own victory, giving them recognition of their identities. Psychologists prove that this kind of influence is more powerful in England, for Englanders think their country is the home of soccer and they always want to welcome soccer home. As a nation, the English place a high premium on competition and individualism. Sports have become the major means to sustain the country‘s status of supremacy, as empire expansion and military invasion, the major means of national exploitation, have gradually faded from the stage of history. Meanwhile, the psychological state of the whole nation demonstrates that the few victories the England team has won brought more than mere happiness. In the British culture that attaches significance to individualism, players struggle for goals in a comparatively loose social structure. But however tremendous the individualism is, a team longs to be with others for interaction and communication, to be accepted into a bigger social group. When Rooney shot the goal, all the fans felt he was playing not only for himself but for all, a moment when all hearts beat as one, the players‘ and the fans‘. |
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